CIDADANIA DA MULHER: a evolução histórica dos direitos políticos das mulheres no Brasil e uma análise na Cota Eleitoral de Gênero

Abstract

This paper analyzes the historical evolution of women's political rights in Brazil. Such an approach is necessary due to the fact that the predominant political culture in Brazil is of a patrimonialist character, where for a long time women were excluded from public life, and it is necessary to fight to achieve their rights, especially politicians. And even today, after 80 decades of winning female suffrage, gender inequality is still prevalent, as women are underrepresented in politics, although there is a law that ensures this partition, known as the Gender Electoral Quota, which is provided for in the Electoral Law. The objective of this study is to analyze historically the evolution of political rights, above all, to analyze the ineffectiveness of the Gender Electoral Quota, which ensures that 30% of candidacies are filled by candidates of each sex, taking into account this low female representation in political powers from all over Brazil, as well as the role of the Judiciary in these matters. The study is based on the Equality Principle, which determines that men and women are equal before the law, a principle that is essential for the realization of democracy. Thus, we seek to answer the following question: Is the Gender Electoral Quota, which guarantees women's participation in politics, efficient for this right to be effective? This aim will be achieved through bibliographic research, study of magazine articles, monographs and websites. The research demonstrated the reality of the current Brazilian political scenario with regard to female underrepresentation and the reasons why this problem exists, rooted once again to the Law listed above.