PERFUSÃO EXTRACORPÓREA EM GESTANTES: levantamento bibliográfico visando demonstrar vantagens do processo em gestantes de risco

Abstract

The first reports of cardiac surgeries performed during pregnancy. took into account the maternal mortality rate, noting that this was not increased when compared to surgeries performed in non-pregnant women. With the advent of CPB (extracorporeal circulation) an increase in fetal mortality was noted, mainly due to hypoxia (intraoperative fetal death) and the occurrence of premature labor. Due to better knowledge of fetal repercussions caused by CPB. the improvement of this technique has led to a reduction in fetal mortality. Surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in a pregnant patient is a highly complex procedure, because it adds the effects of anesthesia, surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass on two organisms in different biological situations (maternal and fetal) and it is not uncommon for the surgical team to have manage opposing or conflicting interests between the two bodies. Pregnancy substantially changes the physiology of the female body and for this reason the medical team has to act moderately during the surgery, taking care in the administration of medications and also at the time of hypothermia, as they can lead to fetal distress and cause contractions leading to premature birth or fetal death. However, many health professionals are in discussion about what should be done for the mother and child to come out of surgery healthy.